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		3/2021
	 
	vol. 17 Dental and orthodontic evaluation of children and adolescents with Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) – a review of the literature
	
        
    
	             Katarzyna  Ludwików
	         
				            1 
	        						, 		
	             Małgorzata  Zadurska
	         
				            1 
	        						, 		
	             Ewa  Czochrowska
	         
				            1 
	        								
 Forum Ortod 2021; 17 (3): 237-44 
	
Online publish date: 2021/11/19 
		
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			- FO_T17(3)_2021_Ludwików.pdf
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		1. Banach M. Alkoholowy zespół płodu Teoria Diagnoza Praktyka. WAM 2011: 118-268. 2. 
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Jones KL, Smith DW. Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy. Lancet 1973; 302: 999-1001. 4. 
Astley SJ. Diagnostic guide for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders the 4-digit diagnostic code third edition. University of Washington 2004. 5. 
Okulicz-Kozaryn K, Szymańska K, Maryniak A, Dyląg A, Śmigiel R, Helwich E, Domin A, Borkowska M i wsp. Rozpoznawanie spektrum płodowych zaburzeń alkoholowych. Zalecenia opracowane przez interdyscyplinarny zespół polskich ekspertów. Medycyna praktyczna. Pediatria 2020; 1: 1-44. 6. 
Chavez GF, Cordero JF, Becerra JE. Leading major congenital malformations among minority groups in the United States, 1981-1986. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1988; 37: 17-24. 7. 
Sampson PD, Streissguth AP, Bookstein FL, Little RE, Clarren SK, Dehaene P, Hanson JW, G raham JM Jr. Incidence of fetal a lcohol syndrome and prevalence of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder. Teratology 1997; 56: 317-26. 8. 
Ludwików K, Zadurska M, Czochrowska E. Występowanie wad zgryzu u dzieci w wieku rozwojowym z Alkoholowym Zespołem Płodowym (FAS) badanie pilotażowe. Edentico 2019; 2: 84-91. 9. 
Naidoo S, Chikte U, Laubscher R, Lombard C. Fetal alcohol syndrome: anthropometric and oral health status. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005; 6: 101-5. 10. 
Ludwików K, Sędkiewicz J, Obłoj B. Dental and Facial Characteristics of a Patient with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome – Case Report. Dent Med Prob 2015; 4: 505-11. 11. 
Blanck-Lubarsch M, Dirksen D, Feldmann R, Sauerland C, Hohoff A. Tooth malformations, DMFT index, speech impairment and oral habits in patients with fetal alcohol syndrome. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16: 4401. 12. 
Da Silva K, Wood D. The oral health status and treatment needs of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25: 3497-503. 13. 
Amos-Kroohs RM, Fink BA, Smith CJ, Chin L, Van Calcar SC, Wozniak JR, Smith SM. Abnormal Eating Behaviors Are Common in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. J Pediatr 2016; 169: 194-200. 14. 
Church MW, Eldis F, Blakley BW, Bawle EV. Hearing, Language, Speech, Vestibular, and Dentofacial Disorders in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997; 21: 227-37. 15. 
Yin X, Li J, Li Y, Zou S. Maternal alcohol consumption and oral clefts: a meta-analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 57: 839-46. 16. 
Grippaudo C, Paolantonio EG, Antonini G, Saulle R, La Torre G, Deli R. Association between oral habits, mouth breathing and malocclusion. Acta Ital 2016; 36: 386-94. 17. 
Mughal R, Hill CM, Joyce A, Dimitriou D. Sleep and Cognition in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Brain Sci 2020; 10: 863. 18. 
Wengel T, Hanlon-Dearman AC, Fjeldsted B. Sleep and sensory characteristics in young children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2011; 32: 384-92. 19. 
Blanck-Lubarsch M, Flieger S, Feldmann R, Kirschneck C, Sauerland C, Hohoff A. Malocclusion can give additional hints for diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54: 56-61. 20. 
Richmond S, Shaw WC, O’Brian KD. The development ot the PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating): reliability abd validity. Eur J Orthod 1992; 14: 125-39. 21. 
Blanck-Lubarsch M, Dirksen D, Feldmann R, Sauerland C, Hohoff A. Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): 3D-Analysis of Palatal Depth and 3D-Metric Facial Length. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 21: 95. 22. 
Blanck-Lubarsch M, Dirksen D, Feldmann R, Sauerland C, Kirschneck C, Hohoff A. Asymmetry-index and orthodontic facial analysis 23. 
of children with foetal alcohol syndrome using 3D-facial scans. Pediatr Res 2020; 88: 243-9. 24. 
Blanck-Lubarsch M, Dirksen D, Feldmann R, Sauerland C, Hohoff A. 3D-Analysis of Mouth, Nose and Eye Parameters in Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16: 2535. 25. 
Blanck-Lubarsch M, Dirksen D, Feldmann R, Sauerland C, Kirschneck C, Hohoff A. 3D Analysis of Philtrum Depth in Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54: 152-8. 	
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