Stimulation of mandibular growth in animal model studies. Literature review

Introduction
The mandibular growth and the possibility of its modification by external biomechanical factors is the subject of numerous experimental studies conducted on animals. They are aimed at learning about the mechanisms of mandibular development, as well as expanding methods of orthopaedic and orthodontic treatment of its disorders.

Aim
The study aimed to review the literature presenting the results of animal studies on the effects of external biomechanical factors modifying mandibular development.

Material and methods
The literature search was conducted in the PubMed database using the following keywords: mandibular growth AND stimulation AND cytokines AND animal model. The papers found were analysed. Studies that met the following criteria were included: experimental animal model studies, studies on the use of cytokines, articles on mandibular growth stimulation, papers published in English within the last 5 years. Results. Changes in the mandibular growth potential evaluated in experimental animal studies were obtained when biomechanical factors such as functional appliances and shortening of lower incisors were used. Hormonal therapy was also attempted. Hormonal stimulation works synergistically with functional therapy, accelerating the mandibular growth and increasing therapeutic effects.

Conclusions
Many authors have been undertaking studies to find factors that would contribute to the modification of the mandibular development. Results of such studies could be used in the future to treat class II and III malocclusions and asymmetrical mandibular growth.